Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): In Search of Milky-Way Magellanic Cloud Analogues

TL;DR

This study analyzes the frequency and characteristics of Milky Way-like galaxies with Magellanic Cloud analogues in the GAMA survey, revealing such systems are rare and often associated with less evolved galaxy groups.

Contribution

It provides the first statistical analysis of Milky Way-Magellanic Cloud analogues in a large galaxy survey, highlighting their rarity and environmental preferences.

Findings

Approximately 12% of MW-mass galaxies have a close LMC-like companion.

Only 3.4% have two close companions similar to SMC and LMC.

Rare MW-LMC-SMC analogues occur in about 0.4% of similar galaxies.

Abstract

Analysing all Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) galaxies within a factor two (+/- 0.3 dex) of the stellar mass of the Milky Way (MW), there is a 11.9% chance that one of these galaxies will have a close companion (within a projected separation of 70 kpc and radial separation of 400 km/s) that is at least as massive as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Two close companions at least as massive as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are rare at the 3.4% level. Two full analogues to the MW- LMC-SMC system were found in GAMA (all galaxies late-type and star forming), suggesting such a combination of close together, late-type, star-forming galaxies is rare: only 0.4% of MW mass galaxies (in the range where we could observe both the LMC and SMC) have such a system. In summary, the MW-LMC-SMC system is a 2.7? event (when recast into Gaussian statistics). Using cross-correlation comparisons we find that there is a preference for SMC- LMC binary pair analogues to be located within 2 Mpc of a range of different lumi- nosity groups. There is a particular preference is for such binaries to be located near LG luminosity systems. When these groups are subdivided into small magnitude gap and large magnitude gap subsets, the binaries prefer to be spatially associated with the small magnitude gap systems. These systems will be dynamically less evolved, but still offer the same amount of gravitational dark matter. This suggests that binaries such as the SMC-LMC might be transient systems, usually destroyed during vigorous merger events. Details of a particularly striking analogue to the MW-SMC-LMC and M31 complex are included.