Too massive neutron stars: The role of dark matter?

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dark matter particles influence the maximum mass of neutron stars, suggesting that certain dark matter properties could explain observed massive neutron stars and setting constraints on dark matter particle mass.

Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating dark matter as fermions affecting neutron star equations of state, providing explanations for high-mass neutron stars and constraining dark matter particle mass.

Findings

Dark matter softens the neutron star equation of state more than hyperons.

High neutron star masses (>2 solar masses) are possible with low dark matter particle mass.

A maximum dark matter particle mass of 0.64 GeV is suggested based on the model.

Abstract

The maximum mass of a neutron star is generally determined by the equation of state of the star material. In this study, we take into account dark matter particles, assumed to behave like fermions with a free parameter to account for the interaction strength among the particles, as a possible constituent of neutron stars. We find dark matter inside the star would soften the equation of state more strongly than that of hyperons, and reduce largely the maximum mass of the star. However, the neutron star maximum mass is sensitive to the particle mass of dark matter, and a very high neutron star mass larger than 2 times solar mass could be achieved when the particle mass is small enough. Such kind of dark-matter- admixed neutron stars could explain the recent measurement of the Shapiro delay in the radio pulsar PSR J1614-2230, which yielded a neutron star mass of 2 times solar mass that may be hardly reached when hyperons are considered only, as in the case of the microscopic Brueckner theory. Furthermore, in this particular case, we point out that the dark matter around a neutron star should also contribute to the mass measurement due to its pure gravitational effect. However, our numerically calculation illustrates that such contribution could be safely ignored because of the usual diluted dark matter environment assumed. We conclude that a very high mass measurement of about 2 times solar mass requires a really stiff equation of state in neutron stars, and find a strong upper limit (<= 0.64 GeV) for the particle mass of non-self- annihilating dark matter based on the present model.