Electromagnetic Origin for Planck Mass and Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified vector field theory, akin to Einstein-aether, where a small photon mass explains dark energy and the weakness of gravity, linking photon mass to the Hubble parameter.

Contribution

It introduces a novel vector field modification of Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory, identifying the photon field as responsible for dark energy and gravitational coupling.

Findings

Photon mass predicted to be below observational limits.

The model links photon mass to the Hubble parameter.

Explains late-time cosmic inflation and dark energy phenomena.

Abstract

The origin of dark energy remains to be one of the challenges of modern cosmology. We modify Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory using a vector field instead of a scalar field and theory becomes similar to a simple Einstein-aether theory. The time component of the vector field picks up a cosmological background value. Identifying the vector field to be the photon field, a small photon mass leads to late time inflation. The time dependent background electrical potential of the photon permeates the universe and explains the weakness of the gravitational interaction by coupling to curvature. This theory relates the smallness of the photon mass to the smallness of the Hubble parameter. The model predicted photon mass is far below observational constraints.