Gravity Without Curved Spacetime: A Simple Calculation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that classical particle trajectories in a static Einstein universe can be calculated without assuming curved spacetime, showing particles return to their starting points due to strong gravity effects, with implications for quantum gravity theories.

Contribution

It provides a simple calculation method for particle trajectories in a static universe without curved 3-space, challenging traditional assumptions in general relativity.

Findings

Particles return to starting points due to gravity effects

Calculation does not require curved 3-space assumption

Implications for quantum gravity discussed

Abstract

Classical-particle trajectories are calculated for the static Einstein universe without requiring that the 3-space be closed and curved. Freely-moving test particles are found to return to their starting positions because of strong gravitational-field effects. Possible implications for the underlying (quantum) theory of gravity are briefly discussed.