Partial rigidity of degenerate CR embeddings into spheres

TL;DR

This paper investigates the partial rigidity of degenerate CR embeddings of pseudoconvex hypersurfaces into spheres, revealing how the embedding's image is contained in a complex plane with a dimension influenced by the ranks of the second fundamental form and its derivatives.

Contribution

It extends previous rigidity results by analyzing cases where the ranks exceed the CR dimension, introducing the concept of a defect in the containment dimension.

Findings

Partial rigidity persists when ranks exceed the CR dimension, with a defect term affecting the containment dimension.

The dimension of the complex plane containing the image depends on the ranks and a defect parameter.

Examples demonstrate the occurrence of the defect in general cases.

Abstract

In this paper, we study degenerate CR embeddings $f$ of a strictly pseudoconvex hypersurface $M\subset \bC^{n+1}$ into a sphere $\bS$ in a higher dimensional complex space $\bC^{N+1}$. The degeneracy of the mapping $f$ will be characterized in terms of the ranks of the CR second fundamental form and its covariant derivatives. In 2004, the author, together with X. Huang and D. Zaitsev, established a rigidity result for CR embeddings $f$ into spheres in low codimensions. A key step in the proof of this result was to show that degenerate mappings are necessarily contained a complex plane section of the target sphere (partial rigidity). In the 2004 paper, it was shown that if the total rank $d$ of the second fundamental form and all of its covariant derivatives is $<n$ (here, $n$ is the CR dimension of $M$), then $f(M)$ is contained in a complex plane of dimension $n+d+1$. The converse of this statement is also true, as is easy to see. When the rank $d$ exceeds $n$, it is no longer true, in general, that $f(M)$ is contained in a complex plane of dimension $n+d+1$, as can be seen by examples. In this paper, we carry out a systematic study of degenerate CR mappings into spheres. We show that when the ranks of the second fundamental form and its covariant derivatives exceed the CR dimension $n$, then partial rigidity may still persist, but there is a "defect" $k$ that arises from the ranks exceeding $n$ such that $f(M)$ is only contained in a complex plane of dimension $n+d+k+1$. Moreover, this defect occurs in general, as is illustrated by examples.