Condensational theory of stationary tornadoes
Anastassia M. Makarieva, Victor G. Gorshkov, Andrei V. Nefiodov
TL;DR
This paper develops a theoretical model of stationary tornadoes using Bernoulli's principle and water vapor condensation, successfully matching observed velocity profiles of a record-long tornado.
Contribution
It introduces a condensational theory for stationary tornadoes, providing velocity profiles consistent with real-world observations and estimating maximum vortex velocities.
Findings
Velocity profiles agree with Mulhall tornado data
Maximum vortex velocities are estimated
Model explains tornado dynamics using condensation theory
Abstract
Using the Bernoulli integral for air streamline with condensing water vapor a stationary axisymmetric tornado circulation is described. The obtained profiles of vertical, radial and tangential velocities are in agreement with observations for the Mulhall tornado, world's largest on record and longest-lived among the three tornadoes for which 3D velocity data are available. Maximum possible vortex velocities are estimated.
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