On the countable, measure preserving relation induced on an homogeneous quotient, by the action of a discrete group

TL;DR

This paper explicitly describes the von Neumann algebra associated with a measure-preserving relation induced by a group action on a quotient space, connecting it to Hecke algebra structures and providing concrete generators and relations.

Contribution

It provides an explicit presentation of the von Neumann algebra for the relation on a quotient space, linking it to Hecke algebra products and identifying a canonical treeing in specific cases.

Findings

Explicit generators and relations for the von Neumann algebra

Connection between composition formula and Hecke algebra product

Identification of a canonical treeing in a specific group action case

Abstract

We consider a countable discrete group $G$ acting ergodicaly and a.e. freely, by measure-preserving transformations, on an infinite measure space $(\mathcal X,\nu)$ with $\sigma$-finite measure $\nu$. Let $\Gamma \subseteq G$ be an almost normal subgroup with fundamental domain $F\subseteq \mathcal X $ of finite measure. Let $\mathcal R_G$ be the countable measurable equivalence relation on $\mathcal X$ determined by the orbits of $G$. Let $\mathcal R_G| F$ be its restriction to $F$. We find an explicit presentation, by generators and relations, for the von Neumann algebra associated, by the Feldman-Moore (\cite{FM}) construction, to the relation $\mathcal R_G|_F$. The generators of the relation $\mathcal R_G|_F$ are a set of transformations of the quotient space $F\cong \mathcal X/ \Gamma$, in a one to one correspondence with the cosets of $\Gamma$ in $G$. We prove that the composition formula for these transformations is an averaged version, with coefficients in $L^\infty(F,\nu)$, of the Hecke algebra product formula (\cite{BC}). In the situation $G = PGL_2(\mathbb Z[\frac1p])$, $\Gamma=PSL_2(\mathbb Z)$, $p\geq 3$ prime number, the relation $\mathcal R_G|_F$ is the equivalence relation associated to a free, measure-preserving action of a free group on $(p+1)/2$ generators on $F$ (\cite{Ad},\cite {Hj}). We use the coset representations of the transformations generating $\mathcal R_G|_F$ to find a canonical treeing (\cite{Ga}).