Highly Variable Extinction and Accretion in the Jet-driving Class I Type Young Star PTF 10nvg (V2492 Cyg, IRAS 20496+4354)

TL;DR

This study presents extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the highly variable young star PTF 10nvg, revealing complex extinction and accretion-driven variability, spectral evolution, and outflow activity over multiple epochs.

Contribution

It provides detailed multi-wavelength data and analysis of PTF 10nvg's variability, highlighting the interplay of extinction, accretion, and outflow processes in a young stellar object.

Findings

High-amplitude variability consistent with extinction changes

Spectral evolution linked to accretion and outflow activity

Resolved extended outflow in millimeter CO observations

Abstract

We report extensive new photometry and spectroscopy of the highly variable young stellar object PTF 10nvg including optical and near-infrared time series data as well as mid-infrared and millimeter data. Following the previously reported 2010 rise, during 2011 and 2012 the source underwent additional episodes of brightening and dimming events including prolonged faint states. The observed high-amplitude variations are largely consistent with extinction changes having a 220 day quasi-periodic signal. Spectral evolution includes not only changes in the spectral slope but correlated variation in the prominence of TiO/VO/CO bands and atomic line emission, as well as anticorrelated variation in forbidden line emission which, along with H_2, dominates optical and infrared spectra at faint epochs. Neutral and singly-ionized atomic species are likely formed in an accretion flow and/or impact while the origin of zero-velocity atomic LiI 6707 in emission is unknown. Forbidden lines, including several rare species, exhibit blueshifted emission profiles and likely arise from an outflow/jet. Several of these lines are also seen spatially offset from the continuum source position, presumably in a shocked region of an extended jet. CARMA maps resolve on larger scales a spatially extended outflow in mm-wavelength CO. We attribute the observed photometric and spectroscopic behavior in terms of occultation of the central star as well as the bright inner disk and the accretion/outflow zones that renders shocked gas in the inner part of the jet amenable to observation at the faint epochs. We discuss PTF 10nvg as a source exhibiting both accretion-driven (perhaps analogous to V1647 Ori) and extinction-driven (perhaps analogous to UX Ori or GM Cep) high-amplitude variability phenomena.