Optimising Stop Naturalness

TL;DR

This paper investigates the optimal stop mixing parameters in supersymmetric models to achieve a balance between Higgs mass enhancement and naturalness, revealing that less-than-maximal mixing often yields better naturalness than maximal mixing.

Contribution

It introduces a Lagrange constrained optimisation approach to identify optimal stop mixing for naturalness in the MSSM, showing that maximal mixing is not always optimal.

Findings

Optimal naturalness occurs for $A_t^2/M_S^2$ between 5 and 6.

Maximal mixing ($A_t^2/M_S^2=6$) is not necessarily the most natural choice.

The stop mass splitting is unconstrained by naturalness considerations.

Abstract

In supersymmetric models a large average stop mass $M_S$ is well known to both boost the lightest Higgs boson mass $m_{h}$ and also make radiative electroweak symmetry breaking unnaturally tuned. The case of `maximal mixing', where the stop trilinear mixing term $A_t$ is set to give $A_t^2/M_S^2 = 6$, allows the stops to be as light as possible for a given $m_h$. Here we make the distinction between minimal $M_S$ and optimal naturalness, showing that the latter occurs for less-than-maximal mixing. Lagrange constrained optimisation reveals that the two coincide closely in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) -- optimally we have $5 < A_t^2/M_S^2 < 6$. We discuss why the two are not generally expected to coincide beyond the MSSM, and that even within the MSSM different models should not be compared based on the $M_S$ necessary to achieve a given $m_{h}$. The splitting between the two stop-mass eigenvalues $m_{\tilde{t}_2} - m_{\tilde{t}_1}$ is shown to be unconstrained by naturalness considerations.