Reentrant BCS-BEC crossover and a superfluid-insulator transition in optical lattices

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex thermodynamics of a two-species Feshbach-resonant Fermi gas in optical lattices, revealing reentrant superfluid phases and a quantum phase transition driven by band filling and interaction strength.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of reentrant BCS-BEC crossover and superfluid-insulator transition in optical lattices with a deep potential, highlighting non-monotonic chemical potential behavior.

Findings

Reentrant BCS-BEC crossover for more than half-filled bands.

Quantum phase transition from band insulator to superfluid at single filling.

Non-monotonic dependence of chemical potential on detuning.

Abstract

We study thermodynamics of a two-species Feshbach-resonant atomic Fermi gas in a periodic potential, focusing in a deep optical potential where a tight binding model is applicable. We show that for more than half-filled band the gas exhibits a reentrant crossover with decreased detuning (increased attractive interaction), from a paired BCS superfluid to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules of holes, back to the BCS superfluid, and finally to a conventional BEC of diatomic molecules. This behavior is associated with the non-monotonic dependence of the chemical potential on detuning and the concomitant Cooper-pair/molecular size, larger in the BCS and smaller in the BEC regimes. For a single filled band we find a quantum phase transition from a band insulator to a BCS-BEC superfluid, and map out the corresponding phase diagram.