High-resolution detection of Brownian motion for quantitative Optical Tweezers experiments

TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-resolution, in situ calibration method for optical tweezers that accurately measures particle size or fluid viscosity by analyzing Brownian motion, overcoming common limitations in precision and applicable to complex environments.

Contribution

A novel in situ calibration technique using velocity autocorrelation and mean-square displacement analysis for optical tweezers experiments, including hydrodynamic effects.

Findings

Accurate measurement of particle size and fluid viscosity.

Excellent agreement with manufacturer specifications.

Robust method applicable across different trap strengths and fluids.

Abstract

We have developed a new in situ method to calibrate optical tweezers experiments and simultaneously measure the size of the trapped particle or the viscosity of the surrounding fluid. The positional fluctuations of the trapped particle are recorded with a high-bandwidth photodetector. Next, we compute the mean-square displacement, as well as the velocity autocorrelation function of the sphere and compare it to the theory of Brownian motion including hydrodynamic memory effects. A careful measurement and analysis of the time scales characterizing the dynamics of the harmonically bound sphere fluctuating in a viscous medium then directly yields all relevant parameters. Finally, we test the method for different optical trap strengths, with different bead sizes and in different fluids, and we find excellent agreement with the values provided by the manufacturers. The proposed approach overcomes the most commonly encountered limitations in precision when analyzing the power spectrum of position fluctuations in the region around the corner frequency. These low frequencies are usually prone to errors due to drift, limitations in the detection and trap linearity as well as short acquisition times resulting in poor statistics. Furthermore, the strategy can be generalized to Brownian motion in more complex environments, provided the adequate theories are available.