Sub-femtotesla scalar atomic magnetometer using multipass cells

TL;DR

This paper presents a highly sensitive scalar atomic magnetometer using multipass cells and a novel measurement scheme, achieving sub-femtotesla sensitivity that surpasses previous limits and quantum constraints.

Contribution

The authors introduce a Rb scalar gradiometer with multipass cells and a pump-probe scheme, significantly improving sensitivity beyond existing scalar magnetometers and quantum limits.

Findings

Achieved magnetic field sensitivity of 0.54 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$

Surpassed previous scalar magnetometer sensitivity by an order of magnitude

Exceeded the quantum limit set by spin-exchange collisions

Abstract

Scalar atomic magnetometers have many attractive features but their sensitivity has been relatively poor. We describe a Rb scalar gradiometer using two multi-pass optical cells. We use a pump-probe measurement scheme to suppress spin-exchange relaxation and two probe pulses to find the spin precession zero crossing times with a resolution of 1 psec. We realize magnetic field sensitivity of 0.54 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$, which improves by an order of magnitude the best scalar magnetometer sensitivity and surpasses the quantum limit set by spin-exchange collisions for a scalar magnetometer with the same measurement volume operating in a continuous regime.