Excited states in Richardson pairing model: `probabilistic' approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a probabilistic analytical approach to studying excited states in the Richardson pairing model, providing exact evaluations of the partition function and identifying three distinct energy gap regimes.

Contribution

It extends a new probabilistic method to excited states in the Richardson model, offering exact solutions and regime classifications.

Findings

Exact evaluation of the partition function using Selberg-type integrals.

Identification of three regimes: dilute pairs, BCS, and dilute holes.

Application of the approach to arbitrary fillings in the model.

Abstract

Richardson equations can be mapped on the classical electrostatic problem in two dimensions. We have recently suggested a new analytical approach to these equations in the thermodynamical limit, which is based on the `probability' of the system of charges to be in a given configuration at the effective temperature equal to the interaction constant. In the present paper, we apply this approach to excited states of the Richardson pairing model. We focus on the equally-spaced situation and address arbitrary fillings of the energy layer, where interaction acts. The `partition function' for the classical problem on the plane, which is given by Selberg-type integral, is evaluated exactly. Three regimes for the energy gap are identified, which can be treated as the dilute regime of pairs, BCS regime, and dilute regime of holes.