Wave-particle duality in an environment with arbitrary white noise

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that wave-particle duality experiments in noisy environments cannot be explained by classical hidden-variable models, emphasizing the robustness of quantum phenomena despite environmental noise.

Contribution

It shows that wave-particle duality persists in arbitrarily noisy environments, challenging classical explanations and analyzing recent experimental loopholes.

Findings

Wave-particle duality is preserved despite white noise.

Classical hidden-variable models cannot explain the observed duality.

Recent experiments' loopholes are not fundamental.

Abstract

The development of quantum technologies depends on investigating of the behavior of quantum systems in noisy environments, since complete isolation from its environment is impossible to achieve. In this paper we show that a wave-particle duality experiment performed in a system with an arbitrarily white noise level cannot be explained in classical terms, using hidden-variables models. In the light of our results, we analyze recent optical and NMR experiments and show that a loophole on non-locality is not fundamental.