Three dimensional ring vortex solitons and their stability in Bose-Einstein condensates under magnetic confinement

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability and dynamics of three-dimensional ring vortex solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates under harmonic confinement, revealing how stability depends on winding number and interaction strength.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of stationary ring vortex solitons in BECs, highlighting stability conditions related to winding number and interaction strength, and describes their dynamical behaviors.

Findings

Ground state with large winding number is dynamically unstable.

Radially excited states with large winding number can be stabilized at low interaction strengths.

Different dynamical evolutions observed: symmetrical splitting and expand-merge cycles.

Abstract

The three-dimensional study of the ring vortex solitons is conducted for both attractive and repulsive BECs subject to harmonic potential confinement. A family of stationary ring vortex solitons, which is defined by the radial excitation number and the winding number of the intrinsic vorticity, are obtained numerically for a given atomic interaction strength. We find that stabilities of the ground and radially excited states of the ring vortex soliton are dependent on the winding number differently. The ground state of the ring vortex soliton with the large winding number is unstable dynamically against random perturbation. The radially excited state of the ring vortex soliton with large winding number corresponds to the increased collapse threshold, and therefore can be made stable for sufficiently small atomic interaction strengths. The ground and radially excited states also demonstrate different dynamical evolutions under large atomic interaction strengths. The former exhibits simultaneously symmetrical splitting in the transverse plane, while the latter displays periodically expand-merge cycles in the longitudinal direction.