The G305 star-forming complex: Embedded Massive Star Formation Discovered by Herschel Hi-GAL

TL;DR

This study uses Herschel far-infrared data combined with multi-wavelength observations to identify and analyze embedded massive star-forming regions in the G305 complex, estimating a current star formation rate and comparing it to extragalactic tracers.

Contribution

It introduces a new multi-wavelength methodology and colour criteria for identifying embedded massive star-forming regions in the G305 complex.

Findings

Identified 16 embedded massive star-forming regions via SED fitting.

Derived a star formation rate of 0.01-0.02 M⊙ yr^-1 for G305.

Found that extragalactic SFR tracers underestimate the true SFR by at least a factor of 2.

Abstract

We present a Herschel far-infrared study towards the rich massive star- forming complex G305, utilising PACS 70, 160 {\mu}m and SPIRE 250, 350, and 500 {\mu}m observations from the Hi-GAL survey of the Galactic plane. The focus of this study is to identify the embedded massive star-forming population within G305, by combining far-infrared data with radio continuum, H2O maser, methanol maser, MIPS, and Red MSX Source survey data available from previous studies. By applying a frequentist technique we are able to identify a sample of the most likely associations within our multi-wavelength dataset, that can then be identified from the derived properties obtained from fitted spectral energy distributions (SEDs). By SED modelling using both a simple modified blackbody and fitting to a comprehensive grid of model SEDs, some 16 candidate associations are identified as embedded massive star-forming regions. We derive a two-selection colour criterion from this sample of log(F70/F500)\geq 1 and log(F160/F350)\geq 1.6 to identify an additional 31 embedded massive star candidates with no associated star-formation tracers. Using this result we can build a picture of the present day star-formation of the complex, and by extrapolating an initial mass function, suggest a current population of \approx 2 \times 10^4 young stellar objects (YSOs) present, corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.01-0.02 M\odot yr^-1. Comparing this resolved star formation rate, to extragalactic star formation rate tracers (based on the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation), we find the star formation activity is underestimated by a factor of \geq 2 in comparison to the SFR derived from the YSO population.