Global Adaptive Routing Algorithm Without Additional Congestion Propagation Network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a global adaptive routing algorithm for multichip networks that avoids additional congestion propagation networks by utilizing free bits in head flits to gather global network state, improving performance.

Contribution

The proposed algorithm uniquely uses free bits in head flits to obtain global network state without extra hardware, enhancing adaptive routing efficiency.

Findings

Significant performance improvement over local adaptive routing at medium and high loads.

Avoids additional power and area costs associated with congestion propagation networks.

Utilizes existing flit structure to propagate global congestion information.

Abstract

Adaptive routing algorithm has been employed in multichip interconnection networks in order to improve network performance. Does a algorithm use local or global network state? This is the key question in adaptive routing. In many traffic patterns, the ignorance of global network state, leading to routing selection based only on local congestion information, tends to violate global load balance. To attack the load balance issue in adapting routing, some global adaptive routing algorithms introduce a congestion propagation network to obtain global network status information, such as Regional Congestion Awareness (RCA) and Destination Based Adaptive Routing (DBAR). However, the congestion propagation network leads to additional power and area consumption which cannot be ignored. From another view, if we just increase the bandwidth between neighbor nodes with the wires used to build the congestion propagation network, the network performance could be improved as well. In this paper, we propose a global adaptive routing algorithm without employing the additional congestion propagation network. Our algorithm obtains the global network state in a novel way, and can offer significant improvement than the base-line local adaptive routing algorithm (xy-adaptive algorithm which selects routing based on local congestion information in each hop) for both medium and high injection rates. In wormhole flow control, all the routing information (flit id, source node id, destination node id, vc id and address) is contained in head flit, and data is carried in body flits. As a result, there are always many free bits in the head flit, especially when the bandwidth is 128-bits which is normal in interconnection network design. Then, we can use these free bits in the head flit to propagate global congestion information but not increase the number of flits.