Evidence for a resonant cyclotron line in IGR J16493-4348 from the Swift-BAT hard X-ray survey

TL;DR

This study detects a potential cyclotron absorption feature in the X-ray spectrum of IGR J16493-4348, indicating a neutron star magnetic field of about 3.7 x 10^{12} Gauss, using long-term Swift-BAT survey data.

Contribution

First detection of a resonant cyclotron line in IGR J16493-4348 using long-term Swift-BAT data, demonstrating the effectiveness of survey data for magnetic field measurements.

Findings

Detected a broad absorption feature at 30-33 keV consistent with a cyclotron line.

Inferred neutron star magnetic field of approximately 3.7 x 10^{12} Gauss.

Spectral parameters align with known correlations in high-mass X-ray binaries.

Abstract

Resonant absorption cyclotron features are a key diagnostic tool to directly measure the strength of the magnetic field of accreting neutron stars. However, typical values for cyclotron features lie in the high-energy part of the spectrum between 20 keV and 50 keV, where detection is often damped by the low statistics from single pointed observations. We show that long-term monitoring campaign performed with Swift-BAT of persistently, but faint, accreting high-mass X-ray binaries is able to reveal in their spectra the presence of cyclotron features. We extracted the average Swift-BAT 15-150 keV spectrum from the 54 months long Swift-BAT survey of the high-mass X-ray source IGR J16493-4348. To constrain the broadband spectrum we used soft X-ray spectra from Swift-XRT and Suzaku pointed observations. We model the spectra using a set of phenomenological models usually adopted to describe the energy spectrum of accreting high-mass X-ray binaries; irrespective of the models we used, we found significant improvements in the spectral fits adding to the models a broad (10 keV width) absorption feature, with best-fitting energy estimate between 30 and 33 keV, that we interpret as evidence for a resonant cyclotron absorption feature. We also discuss instrumental issues related to the use of Swift-BAT for this kind of studies and the statistical method to weight the confidence level of this detection. Correcting for the gravitational redshift of a 1.4 M$_{\sun}$ neutron star, the inferred surface magnetic field is Bsurf 3.7 x 10^{12} Gauss. The spectral parameters of IGR J16493-4348 fit well with empirical correlations observed when the whole sample of high-mass binaries with detected cyclotron features is considered.