Dimensionality of the spatio-temporal entanglement of PDC photon pairs

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the full spatio-temporal entanglement of PDC photon pairs using the Schmidt number, revealing that entanglement cannot be simplified to lower-dimensional models unless bandwidths are narrow, due to non-factorability.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive spatio-temporal model for PDC entanglement and provides a geometric interpretation of the Schmidt number in broad pump conditions.

Findings

Entanglement degree cannot be reduced to lower-dimensional models unless bandwidths are narrow.

The Schmidt number is interpreted as a ratio of phase matching volume to correlation volume.

Non-factorability of spatial and temporal degrees of freedom affects entanglement measures.

Abstract

In this work the Schmidt number of the two-photon state generated by parametric-down conversion (PDC) is evaluated in the framework of a fully spatio-temporal model for PDC. A comparison with the results obtained in either purely spatial or purely temporal models shows that the degree of entanglement of the PDC state cannot be trivially reduced to the product of the Schmidt numbers obtained in models with lower dimensionality, unless the detected bandwidth is very narrow. This result is a consequence of the non-factorability of the state in the spatial and temporal degrees of freedoms of twin photons. In the limit of a broad pump beam, we provide a geometrical interpretation of the Schmidt number, as the ratio between the volume of the phase matching region and of a correlation volume.