Nonequilibrium Multi-Band Spin Quantum Transport Equations: Spin, Pseudo-Spin, and Total Charge Coupling

TL;DR

This paper derives coupled spin, pseudo-spin, and charge quantum transport equations for semiconductors using superfield nonequilibrium Green's functions, revealing complex interactions among these variables.

Contribution

It introduces a novel set of multi-band spin quantum transport equations that include real spin, pseudo-spin, and charge coupling, advancing the understanding of spin dynamics in semiconductors.

Findings

Coupled equations describe spin, pseudo-spin, and charge transport.

Identification of three key groups of terms in the transport equations.

Pseudo-spin and real spin coupling influences charge dynamics.

Abstract

Using the superfield nonequilibrium Greens function technique, we derive the spatio-temporal spin magnetization quantum transport equations (SMQTEs) for a two-band model of semiconductors. The relevant variables are the real (Pauli-Dirac) spin, pseudo-spin, and the total charge. The results show that the multi-band real SMQTEs are coupled to the pseudo-spin magnetization transport equations by virtue of the presence of two additional discrete quantum labels besides the up and down real-spin indices, namely, the conduction and valence band quantum labels. The SMQTEs essentially consist of three group of terms describing the rate of change, namely, (1) a group of terms similar to the equation for particle quantum transport, i.e., with spin-independent transport parameters, (2) a group of terms describing various torques influencing the spin orientation and directional flow of spin magnetization correlations or phase-space magnetization density, and (3) a group of terms expressing the coupling of the real spin magnetization with the pseudo-spin magnetization. Self-consistently, the pseudo-spin magnetization equations incorporate the pseudo-spin/real spin coupling, as well as the pseudo-spin coupling to the total charge.