Bipolar jets launched from magnetically diffusive accretion disks. I. Ejection efficiency vs field strength and diffusivity

TL;DR

This study uses resistive MHD simulations to explore how magnetic diffusivity and field strength influence jet launching and efficiency from accretion disks, revealing key factors that govern jet power and collimation.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the effects of magnetic diffusivity and field strength on jet launching mechanisms in resistive MHD simulations of accretion disks.

Findings

Lower diffusivity and stronger magnetic fields increase jet mass loading.

Jets are launched continuously from the inner disk, reaching super fast magneto-sonic speeds.

Jet collimation is less than previously reported, likely due to boundary condition differences.

Abstract

We investigate the launching of jets and outflows from magnetically diffusive accretion disks. Using the PLUTO code we solve the time-dependent resistive MHD equations taking into account the disk and jet evolution simultaneously. The main question we address is which kind of disks do launch jets and which kind of disks do not? In particular, we study how the magnitude and distribution of the (turbulent) magnetic diffusivity affect mass loading and jet acceleration. We have applied a turbulent magnetic diffusivity based on \alpha-prescription, but have also investigate examples where the scale height of diffusivity is larger than that of the disk gas pressure. We further investigate how the ejection efficiency is governed by the magnetic field strength. Our simulations last for up to 5000 dynamical time scales corresponding to 900 orbital periods of the inner disk. As a general result we observe a continuous and robust outflow launched from the inner part of the disk, expanding into a collimated jet of super fast magneto-sonic speed. For long time scales the disk internal dynamics changes, as due to outflow ejection and disk accretion the disk mass decreases. For magneto-centrifugally driven jets we find that for i) less diffusive disks, ii) a stronger magnetic field, iii) a low poloidal diffusivity, or a iv) lower numerical diffusivity (resolution), the mass loading of the outflow is increased - resulting in more powerful jets with high mass flux. For weak magnetization the (weak) outflow is driven by the magnetic pressure gradient. We further investigate the jet asymptotic velocity and the jet rotational velocity in respect of the different launching scenarios. We find a lower degree of jet collimation than previous studies, most probably due to our revised outflow boundary condition.