Instabilities of an anisotropically expanding non-Abelian plasma: 3D+3V discretized hard-loop simulations

TL;DR

This study uses 3D+3V discretized hard-loop simulations to analyze the evolution of non-Abelian plasma instabilities in an expanding background, revealing persistent anisotropy and ongoing instability growth relevant to heavy-ion collisions.

Contribution

It introduces a 3D+3V discretized hard-loop simulation framework to study plasma instabilities in an expanding non-Abelian plasma, highlighting persistent anisotropy and instability growth.

Findings

Persistent pressure anisotropy for a few fm/c

Continued growth of plasma instabilities in the non-Abelian regime

Longitudinal energy spectrum fits a Boltzmann distribution with increasing temperature

Abstract

We study the (3+1)-dimensional evolution of non-Abelian plasma instabilities in the presence of a longitudinally expanding background of hard particles using the discretized hard loop framework. The free streaming background dynamically generates a momentum-space anisotropic distribution which is unstable to the rapid growth of chromomagnetic and chromoelectric fields. These fields produce longitudinal pressure that works to isotropize the system. Extrapolating our results to energies probed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we find, however, that a pressure anisotropy persists for a few fm/c. In addition, on time scales relevant to heavy-ion collisions we observe continued growth of plasma instabilities in the strongly non-Abelian regime. Finally, we find that the longitudinal energy spectrum is well-described by a Boltzmann distribution with increasing temperature at intermediate time scales.