A Two-Year Time Delay for the Lensed Quasar SDSS J1029+2623

TL;DR

This study measures a 744-day time delay between images of the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1029+2623 over 5.4 years, providing insights into lensing models and cosmic variance effects.

Contribution

First precise measurement of a two-year time delay in a large-separation lensed quasar, highlighting the impact of cosmic variance and microlensing.

Findings

Time delay between images A and B is 744 days.

Uncertainty dominated by cosmic variance, not measurement error.

Weak evidence for microlensing effects.

Abstract

We present 279 epochs of optical monitoring data spanning 5.4 years from 2007 January to 2012 June for the largest image separation (22.6 arcsec) gravitationally lensed quasar, SDSS J1029+2623. We find that image A leads the images B and C by dt_AB = (744+-10) days (90% confidence); the uncertainty includes both statistical uncertainties and systematic differences due to the choice of models. With only a ~1% fractional error, the interpretation of the delay is limited primarily by cosmic variance due to fluctuations in the mean line-of-sight density. We cannot separate the fainter image C from image B, but since image C trails image B by only 2-3 days in all models, the estimate of the time delay between image A and B is little affected by combining the fluxes of images B and C. There is weak evidence for a low level of microlensing, perhaps created by the small galaxy responsible for the flux ratio anomaly in this system. Interpreting the delay depends on better constraining the shape of the gravitational potential using the lensed host galaxy, other lensed arcs and the structure of the X-ray emission.