New class of spin projection operators for 3D models

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new set of spin projection operators for 3D models, enabling a simple algebraic method to analyze unitarity and clarify physical modes, demonstrated on higher-order electromagnetic and gravitational systems.

Contribution

It presents a novel class of projection operators that simplify unitarity analysis in 3D models, making the process more efficient and interpretable.

Findings

Efficient algebraic unitarity analysis for 3D systems

Application to higher-order electromagnetic and gravitational models

Clarification of propagating modes' physical interpretation

Abstract

A new set of projection operators for three-dimensional models are constructed. Using these operators, an uncomplicated and easily handling algorithm for analysing the unitarity of the aforementioned systems is built up. Interestingly enough, this method converts the task of probing the unitarity of a given 3D system, that is in general a time-consuming work, into a straightforward algebraic exercise; besides, it also greatly clarifies the physical interpretation of the propagating modes. In order to test the efficacy and quickness of the algorithm at hand, the unitarity of some important and timely higher-order electromagnetic (gravitational) systems augmented by both Chern-Simons and higher order Chern-Simons terms are investigated.