More dynamical models of our Galaxy

TL;DR

This paper develops a new dynamical model of the Milky Way using an action-based distribution function fitted to observational data, successfully predicting vertical velocity dispersions and velocity distributions.

Contribution

Introduces a novel algorithm for estimating orbital actions and fits a comprehensive Galactic potential to observational data, improving the understanding of the Galaxy's structure.

Findings

Model accurately fits solar neighborhood velocity data

Predicts vertical velocity dispersion profiles matching survey data

Suggests the thick disc is hotter vertically than radially

Abstract

Using a new algorithm for estimating the actions of orbits a parametrised distribution function is automatically fitted to observational data for the solar neighbourhood. We adopt a gravitational potential that is generated by three discs (gas and both thin and thick stellar discs), a bulge and a dark halo, and fit the thin-disc component of the distribution function to the solar-neighbourhood velocity distribution from the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey. We find that the disc's vertical density profile is in good agreement with data at z<~500 pc. The thick-disc component of the distribution function is then used to extend the fit to data from Gilmore & Reid (1983) for z<~2.5 kpc. The resulting model predicts excellent fits to the profile of the vertical velocity dispersion \sigma_z(z) from the RAVE survey and to the distribution of v_\phi velocity components at |z|~1kpc from the SDSS survey. The ability of this model to predict successfully data that was not used in the fitting process suggests that the adopted gravitational potential (which is close to a maximum-disc potential) is close to the true one. We show that if another plausible potential is used, the predicted values of \sigma_z are too large. The models imply that in contrast to the thin disc, the thick disc has to be hotter vertically than radially, a prediction that it will be possible to test in the near future. When the model parameters are adjusted in an unconstrained manner, there is a tendency to produce models that predict unexpected radial variations in quantities such as scale height. This finding suggests that to constrain these models adequately one needs data that extends significantly beyond the solar cylinder. The models presented in this paper might prove useful to the interpretation of data for external galaxies that has been taken with an integral field unit.