TL;DR
This paper reviews evidence and theories suggesting that spacetime may reduce to two dimensions at quantum scales near the Planck length, possibly due to quantum fluctuations affecting light rays.
Contribution
It synthesizes recent evidence and proposes a speculative mechanism linking quantum fluctuations to spontaneous dimensional reduction.
Findings
Evidence supports dimensional reduction near the Planck scale
Quantum fluctuations may focus light rays, causing dimensional reduction
The mechanism remains speculative and requires further investigation
Abstract
Over the past few years, evidence has begun to accumulate suggesting that spacetime may undergo a "spontaneous dimensional reduction" to two dimensions near the Planck scale. I review some of this evidence, and discuss the (still very speculative) proposal that the underlying mechanism may be related to short-distance focusing of light rays by quantum fluctuations.
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