Large-N approximation for single- and two-component dilute Bose gases

TL;DR

This paper applies a large-N mean-field approximation to analyze the phase transitions, excitation spectra, and stability of one- and two-component dilute Bose gases, revealing insights into BEC behavior and phase separation.

Contribution

It introduces a large-N approximation framework for dilute Bose gases, providing new predictions on phase transition order, excitation spectra, and mixture stability.

Findings

BEC transition is second order with unshifted critical temperature

Excitation spectrum resembles Bogoliubov dispersion with a running coupling

Mixture becomes unstable and phase-separates when inter- and intra-species interactions differ beyond a critical ratio

Abstract

We discuss the mean-field theories obtained from the leading order in a large-$N$ approximation for one- and two- component dilute Bose gases. For a one-component Bose gas this approximation has the following properties: the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phase transition is second order but the critical temperature $T_c$ is not shifted from the non-interacting gas value $T_0$. The spectrum of excitations in the BEC phase resembles the Bogoliubov dispersion with the usual coupling constant replaced by the running coupling constant which depends on both temperature and momentum. We then study two-component Bose gases with both inter- and intra- species interactions and focus on the stability of the mixture state above $T_c$. Our mean-field approximation predicts an instability from the mixture state to a phase-separated state when the ratio of the inter-species interaction strength to the intra-species interaction strength (assuming equal strength for both species) exceeds a critical value. At high temperature this is a structural transition and the global translational symmetry is broken. Our work complements previous studies on the instability of the mixture phase in the presence of BEC.