M31N 2008-05d: A M 31 disk nova with a dipping supersoft X-ray light curve

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and analysis of a supersoft X-ray source associated with a nova in M 31, revealing unusual dipping behavior in its X-ray light curve three years post-outburst.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed observation of a dipping supersoft X-ray light curve in a M 31 disk nova, expanding understanding of nova SSS properties.

Findings

Discovered an X-ray counterpart to M31N 2008-05d

Classified as a supersoft source with a 32 eV blackbody temperature

Observed irregular dips in the X-ray light curve three years after outburst

Abstract

Classical novae (CNe) represent a major class of supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) in the central region of our neighbouring galaxy M 31. Significantly different SSS properties of CNe in the M 31 bulge and disk were indicated by recent X-ray population studies, which however considered only a small number of disk novae. We initiated a target of opportunity (ToO) program with XMM-Newton to observe the SSS phases of CNe in the disk of M 31 and improve the database for further population studies. We analysed two XMM-Newton ToO observations triggered in Aug 2011 and Jan 2012, respectively, and extracted X-ray spectra and light curves. We report the discovery of an X-ray counterpart to the M 31 disk nova M31N 2008-05d. The X-ray spectrum of the object allows us to classify it as a SSS parametrised by a blackbody temperature of 32+/-6 eV. More than three years after the nova outburst, the X-ray light curve of the SSS exhibits irregular, broad dip features. These dips affect primarily the very soft part of the X-ray spectrum, which might indicate absorption effects. Dipping SSS light curves are rarely observed in M 31 novae. As well as providing an unparalleled statistical sample, the M 31 population of novae with SSS counterparts produces frequent discoveries of unusual objects, thereby underlining the importance of regular monitoring.