Rapid Formation of Saturn after Jupiter Completion
Hiroshi Kobayashi, Chris W. Ormel, and Shigeru Ida

TL;DR
This study demonstrates that Saturn's core could rapidly form within two million years at a pressure maximum created by Jupiter's gap opening, explaining the formation of multiple gas giants without significant inward migration.
Contribution
It reveals a new rapid formation mechanism for Saturn's core via pressure maxima in the protoplanetary disk, influenced by Jupiter's gap opening.
Findings
Saturn's core can reach over 10 Earth masses within 2 million years.
Rapid core growth allows Saturn to acquire its gaseous envelope before disk dispersal.
Formation of multiple gas giants is possible without significant inward migration.
Abstract
We have investigated Saturn's core formation at a radial pressure maximum in a protoplanetary disk, which is created by gap opening by Jupiter. A core formed via planetesimal accretion induces the fragmentation of surrounding planetesimals, which generally inhibits further growth of the core by removal of the resulting fragments due to radial drift caused by gas drag. However, the emergence of the pressure maximum halts the drift of the fragments, while their orbital eccentricities and inclinations are efficiently damped by gas drag. As a result, the core of Saturn rapidly grows via accretion of the fragments near the pressure maximum. We have found that in the minimum-mass solar nebula, kilometer sized planetesimals can produce a core exceeding 10 Earth masses within two million years. Since Jupiter may not have undergone significant type II inward migration, it is likely that…
Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
