Friedmann-like equations for High Energy Area of Universe
E. Yusofi, M. Mohsenzadeh
TL;DR
This paper derives Friedmann-like equations in a 5D universe to study the evolution of high energy regions, revealing unique behaviors of matter and dark energy in extra dimensions.
Contribution
It introduces novel equations for space-like extra dimensions and analyzes the dynamics of matter and dark energy in a 5D cosmological model.
Findings
Zero-pressure matter cannot exist in the bulk.
Dark energy and vacuum fluids cause accelerated expansion and contraction.
New equations describe evolution in space-like extra dimensions.
Abstract
In this paper, evolution of the high energy area of universe, through the scenario of 5 dimensional (5D) universe, has been studied. For this purpose, we solve Einstein equations for 5D metric and 5D perfect fuid to derive Friedmann-like equations. Then we obtain the evolution of scale factor and energy density with respect to both space-like and time-like extra dimensions. We obtain the novel equations for the space-like extra dimension and show that the matter with zero pressure cannot exist in the bulk. Also, for dark energy fuid and vacuum fluid, we have both accelerated expansion and contraction in the bulk.
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