Semi-analytic galaxy formation in early dark energy cosmologies

TL;DR

This study investigates how early dark energy cosmologies influence galaxy formation and evolution, revealing increased galaxy density and star formation at high redshift, with implications for distinguishing cosmological models.

Contribution

It combines high-resolution simulations with semi-analytic models to assess the impact of early dark energy on galaxy properties, highlighting the challenges in differentiating cosmologies based solely on galaxy data.

Findings

Enhanced galaxy space density in EDE models across all scales.

Increased cosmic star formation and stellar mass density at high redshift.

Galaxy bias predictions may help constrain the expansion history when combined with other data.

Abstract

We study the impact of early dark energy (EDE) cosmologies on galaxy properties by coupling high-resolution numerical simulations with semi-analytic modeling (SAM) of galaxy formation and evolution. EDE models are characterized by a non-vanishing high-redshift contribution of dark energy, producing an earlier growth of structures and a modification of large-scale structure evolution. They can be viewed as typical representatives of non-standard dark energy models in which only the expansion history is modified, and hence the impact on galaxy formation is indirect. We show that in EDE cosmologies the predicted space density of galaxies is enhanced at all scales with respect to the standard LCDM scenario, and the corresponding cosmic star formation history and stellar mass density is increased at high-redshift. We compare these results with a set of theoretical predictions obtained with alternative SAMs applied to our reference LCDM simulation, yielding a rough measure of the systematic uncertainty of the models. We find that the modifications in galaxy properties induced by EDE cosmologies are of the same order of magnitude as intra-SAM variations for a standard LCDM realization (unless rather extreme EDE models are considered), suggesting that is difficult to use such predictions alone to disentangle between different cosmological scenarios. However, when independent information on the underlying properties of host dark matter haloes is included, the SAM predictions on galaxy bias may provide important clues on the expansion history and the equation-of-state evolution.