Zero-bias anomaly in a nanowire quantum dot coupled to superconductors

TL;DR

This study investigates the interplay of Kondo effect and superconductivity in InAs/InP nanowire quantum dots, revealing coexistence of Kondo resonance and sub-gap states, with implications for Majorana fermion detection.

Contribution

It provides experimental and numerical insights into zero-bias anomalies and sub-gap structures in nanowire quantum dots coupled to superconductors, highlighting the coexistence of Kondo and superconducting states.

Findings

Persistent zero-bias Kondo resonance below critical magnetic field

Observation of Josephson supercurrent with Kondo peak

Identification of intra-gap quasiparticle states and Shiba states

Abstract

We studied the low-energy states of spin-1/2 quantum dots defined in InAs/InP nanowires and coupled to aluminium superconducting leads. By varying the superconducting gap, \Delta, with a magnetic field, B, we investigated the transition from strong coupling, \Delta << T_{K}, to weak coupling, \Delta >> T_{K}, where T_{K} is the Kondo temperature. Below the critical field, we observe a persisting zero-bias Kondo resonance that vanishes only for low B or higher temperatures, leaving the room to more robust sub-gap structures at bias voltages between \Delta and 2\Delta. For strong and approximately symmetric tunnel couplings, a Josephson supercurrent is observed in addition to the Kondo peak. We ascribe the coexistence of a Kondo resonance and a superconducting gap to a significant density of intra-gap quasiparticle states, and the finite-bias sub-gap structures to tunneling through Shiba states. Our results, supported by numerical calculations, own relevance also in relation to tunnel-spectroscopy experiments aiming at the observation of Majorana fermions in hybrid nanostructures.