Emergence of Space and Spacetime Dynamics of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe

TL;DR

This paper explores the emergence of space and spacetime dynamics in higher-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes, extending Padmanabhan's holographic approach to include Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravity theories.

Contribution

It generalizes the emergent space framework to higher dimensions and alternative gravity theories, deriving corresponding cosmological equations.

Findings

Derived Friedmann equations for higher-dimensional universes.

Extended the emergent space approach to Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravity.

Connected holographic degrees of freedom to universe dynamics.

Abstract

In a recent paper [arXiv:1206.4916] by T. Padmanabhan, it was argued that our universe provides an ideal setup to stress the issue that cosmic space is emergent as cosmic time progresses and that the expansion of the universe is due to the difference between the number of degrees of freedom on a holographic surface and the one in the emerged bulk. In this note following this proposal we obtain the Friedmann equation of a higher dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. By properly modifying the volume increase and the number of degrees of freedom on the holographic surface from the entropy formulas of black hole in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and more general Lovelock gravity, we also get corresponding dynamical equations of the universe in those gravity theories.