Real-time dynamics of single-electron pumping

TL;DR

This paper investigates the real-time behavior of single-electron pumps, analyzing the transition from adiabatic to non-adiabatic regimes and the frequency dependence of the current.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed study of the dynamics in single-electron pumping, highlighting the transition between adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes and the frequency limits of current relations.

Findings

Transition from adiabatic to non-adiabatic regimes identified

The relation I=eω/2π holds only in low-frequency adiabatic regime

Operates at zero bias by modulating tunneling barriers

Abstract

In this Letter, we study the real-ime dynamics of single-electron pumpings. We modulate the left tunneling barrier along with the dot level but slightly changing the right barrier to operate the single-electron pumping device at zero bias. We show the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic transition in pumping operations. We also find that the relation $I=e\omega/2\pi$ is only valid in the low operating frequency adiabatic regime.