High redshift cosmography: new results and implication for dark energy

TL;DR

This paper uses high-redshift cosmography with supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and BAO data to constrain dark energy parameters up to fifth order, exploring implications for the dark energy equation of state.

Contribution

It extends cosmographic analysis to higher redshifts and compares series expansions of dark energy models, providing new constraints on dark energy parameters.

Findings

Constraints on cosmographic parameters up to fifth order.

Comparison of cosmographic and dark energy equation of state series.

Implications for the nature and evolution of dark energy.

Abstract

The explanation of the accelerated expansion of the Universe poses one of the most fundamental questions in physics and cosmology today. If the acceleration is driven by some form of dark energy, one can try to constrain the parameters using a cosmographic approach. Our high-redshift analysis allows us to put constraints on the cosmographic expansion up to the fifth order. It is based on the Union2 Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) data set, the Hubble diagram constructed from some Gamma Ray Bursts luminosity distance indicators, and gaussian priors on the distance from the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and the Hubble constant h (these priors have been included in order to help break the degeneracies among model parameters). To perform our statistical analysis and to explore the probability distributions of the cosmographic parameters we use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method (MCMC). We finally investigate implications of our results for the dark energy, in particular, we focus on the parametrization of the dark energy equation of state (EOS). Actually, a possibility to investigate the nature of dark energy lies in measuring the dark energy equation of state, w, and its time (or redshift) dependence at high accuracy. However, since w(z) is not directly accessible to measurement, reconstruction methods are needed to extract it reliably from observations. Here we investigate different models of dark energy, described through several parametrizations of the equation of state, by comparing the cosmographic and the EOS series.