Mach Principle and a new theory of gravitation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new metric theory of gravity based on Mach's principle, capable of explaining galactic rotation curves and galaxy cluster masses without dark matter, offering an alternative to Einstein's general relativity.

Contribution

The paper proposes a fully Mach's principle-based metric gravity theory derived from an action principle, addressing limitations of previous theories and explaining key astrophysical phenomena.

Findings

Accurately explains galactic rotation curves

Accounts for galaxy cluster mass discrepancies without dark matter

Explains Bullet Cluster weak lensing without exotic matter

Abstract

Einstein was highly fascinated by Ernest Mach's work and by formulating the general theory of relativity (GR) he tried to provide a mathematical description to the Mach's principle. However, soon after its formulation, it was realized that GR does not follow Mach's principle. As it accurately explained many observational results, Einstein did not make any farther attempt to reformulate the theory to explain Mach's principle. Later on, several attempts were made by different researchers to formulate a theory of gravity based on Mach's principle. However, all these theories have their own merits and drawbacks. In this paper a new theory of gravity is proposed that is completely based on the Mach's principle. It is a metric theory and can be derived from action principle, which guarantees to follow all the conservation laws. We present few examples to show that the theory can explain the galactic rotation curves very accurately. It also explains the discrepancy between dynamic mass and the photo-metric mass of the galaxy clusters without any exotic dark matter. The bullet cluster weak lensing phenomenon that is considered to be a strong evidence for dark matter can also be explained using this new gravitational theory. Hence, the theory provides a viable alternative to standard gravity theory.