Ruprecht 147: The oldest nearby open cluster as a new benchmark for stellar astrophysics

TL;DR

Ruprecht 147, the oldest nearby open cluster at about 3 Gyr and 300 pc, has been characterized through extensive spectroscopic and photometric analysis, establishing it as a new benchmark for stellar astrophysics.

Contribution

This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of Ruprecht 147, including membership, metallicity, age, and distance, positioning it as a valuable standard in stellar astrophysics.

Findings

Cluster age estimated at 2.5 Gyr with some model dependence

Metallicity determined as [M/H] = +0.07 ± 0.03

Identified over 100 members including blue stragglers and binaries

Abstract

Ruprecht 147 is a hitherto unappreciated open cluster that holds great promise as a standard in fundamental stellar astrophysics. We have conducted a radial velocity survey of astrometric candidates with Lick, Palomar, and MMT observatories and have identified over 100 members, including 5 blue stragglers, 11 red giants, and 5 double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). We estimate the cluster metallicity from spectroscopic analysis, using Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME), and find it to be [M/H] = +0.07 \pm 0.03. We have obtained deep CFHT/MegaCam g'r'i' photometry and fit Padova isochrones to the (g' - i') and 2MASS (J - K) CMDs using the \tau^2 maximum-likelihood procedure of Naylor (2009), and an alternative method using 2D cross-correlations developed in this work. We find best fits for isochrones at age t = 2.5 \pm 0.25 Gyr, m - M = 7.35 \pm 0.1, and A_V = 0.25 \pm 0.05, with additional uncertainty from the unresolved binary population and possibility of differential extinction across this large cluster. The inferred age is heavily dependent by our choice of stellar evolution model: fitting Dartmouth and PARSEC models yield age parameters of 3 Gyr and 3.25 Gyr respectively. At approximately 300 pc and 3 Gyr, Ruprecht 147 is by far the oldest nearby star cluster.