Finite Temperature and Density Effect on Symmetry Breaking by Wilson Loops

TL;DR

This paper investigates how finite temperature and density influence symmetry breaking via Wilson loops in a non-simply connected space, revealing that temperature has little effect while density can restore symmetry.

Contribution

It demonstrates that finite density significantly impacts symmetry restoration, contrasting with the negligible effect of temperature in the Hosotani model.

Findings

Temperature does not significantly shift the order parameter.

Finite density plays a crucial role in symmetry restoration.

Wilson loop effects are studied at one-loop level.

Abstract

A finite temperature and density effect of Wilson loop elements on non-simply connected space is investigated in the model suggested by Hosotani. Using one-loop calculations it is shown that the value of an "order parameter" does not shift as the temperature grows. We find that finite density effect is of much importance for restoration of symmetry.