Parametric resonance of capillary waves at the interface between two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates how oscillating forces induce parametric resonance on the interface of two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates, leading to droplet detachment and vortex formation, combining analytical and numerical methods.

Contribution

It provides a combined analytical and numerical study of parametric resonance phenomena in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing vortex generation mechanisms.

Findings

Moderate driving force stabilizes interface oscillations.

Large driving force causes droplet detachment and vortex creation.

Analytical conditions for quantized vortex generation are established.

Abstract

We study parametric resonance of capillary waves on the interface between two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates pushed towards each other by an oscillating force. Guided by analytical models, we solve numerically the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for two-component Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. We show that, at moderate amplitudes of the driving force, the instability is stabilized due to non-linear modifications of the oscillation frequency. When the amplitude of the driving force is large enough, we observe detachment of droplets from the Bose-Einstein condensates, resulting in generation of quantum vortices (skyrmions). We analytically investigate the vortex dynamics, and conditions of quantized vortex generation.