A unified drift-diffusion theory for transverse spin currents in spin valves, domain walls and other textured magnets

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive drift-diffusion model for transverse spin currents in textured magnetic systems, introducing new length scales and providing analytic formulas for spin torques, enhancing understanding of spin dynamics in complex magnetic structures.

Contribution

It generalizes the Valet-Fert theory to include transverse spin effects and introduces two new length scales, enabling better modeling of spin torques in textured magnets.

Findings

Transverse spin effects can be characterized by new length scales.

Analytic formula for non-adiabatic torque in domain walls.

Significant deviations from adiabatic limit in thin domain walls.

Abstract

Spins transverse to the magnetization of a ferromagnet only survives over a short distance. We develop a drift-diffusion approach that captures the main features of transverse spin effects in systems with arbitrary spin textures (vortices, domain walls) and generalizes the Valet-Fert theory. In addition to the standard characteristic lengths (mean free path for majority and manority electrons, spin diffusion length), the theory introduces two lengths scales, the transverse spin coherence length and the (Larmor) spin precession length. We show how those lengths can be extracted from ab-initio calculations or measured with giant magneto-resistance experiments. In long (adiabatic) domain walls, we provide an analytic formula that expresses the so called "non-adiabatic" (or field like) torque in term of those lengths scales. However, this "non adiabatic" torque is no longer a simple material parameter and depends on the actual spin texture: in thin (< 10nm) domain walls, we observe very significant deviations from the adiabatic limit.