The stellar initial mass function in red-sequence galaxies: 1-micron spectroscopy of Coma Cluster galaxies with Subaru/FMOS

TL;DR

This study uses infrared spectroscopy of Coma cluster galaxies to investigate the stellar initial mass function (IMF), finding it varies with star formation mode and is generally consistent with a Salpeter IMF in massive red galaxies.

Contribution

First infrared spectroscopic analysis of Coma cluster galaxies to measure IMF-sensitive features, revealing IMF variations linked to star formation history.

Findings

IMF in massive galaxies is best described by a Salpeter form.

No clear increase in dwarf-star content with velocity dispersion.

IMF varies with alpha-element enhancement, indicating dependence on star formation mode.

Abstract

To investigate possible variations in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in red-sequence galaxies, we have obtained infrared spectroscopy with Subaru/FMOS for a sample of 92 red-sequence galaxies in the Coma cluster. Velocity dispersions, ages and element abundances for these galaxies have been previously determined from optical data. By stacking the FMOS spectra in the rest frame, removing sky-subtraction residuals and other artefacts fixed in the observed frame, we derive composite spectra in the 9600-10500 Angstrom range for galaxies grouped according to their velocity dispersion or Mg/Fe ratio. We measure the Wing-Ford band of FeH and a new index centred on a CaI line at 10345 Angstrom; these features are strong in cool dwarf stars, and hence reflect the form of the IMF at low mass (<0.5M_sun) The CaI line, unlike the Wing-Ford band and other `classical' IMF indicators (NaI doublet, CaII triplet), is unaffected by the abundance of sodium. We compare the measured indices against predictions from spectral synthesis models matched to the element abundances estimated from the optical data. Binning galaxies by velocity dispersion, we find that both the Wing-Ford and CaI index measurements are best reproduced by models with the Salpeter IMF. There is no clear evidence for an increase in dwarf-star content with velocity dispersion. Binning the observed galaxies instead by Mg/Fe ratio, the behaviour of both indices implies a trend of IMF from Chabrier-like, at abundance ratios close to solar, to Salpeter or heavier for highly alpha-enhanced populations. At face value, this suggests that the IMF depends on the mode of star formation, with intense rapid star-bursts generating a larger population of low-mass stars.