Time-Shift in the OPERA set-up: proof against superluminal neutrinos without the need of knowing the CERN-LNGS distance and Reminiscences on the origin of the Gran Sasso Lab, of the 3rd neutrino and of the "Teramo Anomaly"

TL;DR

The paper demonstrates a method to refute superluminal neutrinos using the OPERA setup's time-shift analysis with horizontal muons, avoiding the need for precise distance measurements between CERN and LNGS.

Contribution

It introduces a novel proof against superluminal neutrinos based on LVD time stability and the Teramo Anomaly, independent of the CERN-LNGS distance.

Findings

Established a time-shift proof against superluminal neutrinos.

Utilized horizontal muons from the Teramo Anomaly for the analysis.

Provided historical context on the Gran Sasso Lab and neutrino physics.

Abstract

The LVD time stability allows to establish a time-shift in the OPERA experiment, thus providing the first proof against Superluminal neutrinos, using the horizontal muons of the "Teramo Anomaly". This proof is particularly interesting since does not need the knowledge of the distance between the place where the neutrinos are produced (CERN) and the place where they are detected (LNGS). Since the Superluminal neutrinos generated in the physics community a vivid interest in good and bad behaviour in physics research, the author thought it was appropriate to recall the origin of the Gran Sasso Lab, of the 3rd neutrino, of the horizontal muons due to the "Teramo Anomaly" and of the oscillation between leptonic flavours, when the CERN-Gran Sasso neutrino beam was included in the project for the most powerful underground Laboratory in the world.