Magnetic Helicity of Self-Similar Axisymmetric Force-free Fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates the magnetic helicity in self-similar axisymmetric force-free fields, revealing an upper bound on helicity and its role in field opening and astrophysical phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a semi-analytical approach to analyze magnetic helicity in self-similar force-free fields, highlighting their maximum helicity and astrophysical relevance.

Findings

Existence of an absolute upper bound on magnetic helicity.

Self-similar fields possess maximum helicity among similar boundary conditions.

Field structures evolve towards open configurations with increasing helicity.

Abstract

In this paper we continue our theoretical studies on addressing what are the possible consequences of magnetic helicity accumulation in the solar corona. Our previous studies suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are natural products of coronal evolution as a consequence of magnetic helicity accumulation and the triggering of CMEs by surface processes such as flux emergence also have their origin in magnetic helicity accumulation. Here we use the same mathematical approach to study the magnetic helicity of axisymmetric power-law force-free fields, but focus on a family whose surface flux distributions are defined by self-similar force-free fields. The semi-analytical solutions of the axisymmetric self-similar force-free fields enable us to discuss the properties of force-free fields possessing a huge amount of accumulated magnetic helicity. Our study suggests that there may be an absolute upper bound on the total magnetic helicity of all bipolar axisymmetric force-free fields. And with the increase of accumulated magnetic helicity, the force-free field approaches being fully opened up, with Parker-spiral-like structures present around a current-sheet layer as evidence of magnetic helicity in the interplanetary space. It is also found that among the axisymmetric force-free fields having the same boundary flux distribution, the one that is self-similar is the one possessing the maximum amount of total magnetic helicity. This possibly gives a physical reason why self-similar fields are often found in astrophysical bodies, where magnetic helicity accumulation is presumably also taking place.