Implementation of Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling among Men who Have Sex with Men in Vietnam

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that web-based respondent-driven sampling (webRDS) is a feasible, low-cost method for recruiting and studying internet-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam, providing representative data on this hidden population.

Contribution

It is the first implementation and evaluation of webRDS among MSM in Vietnam, showing its potential to overcome sampling challenges in hidden populations.

Findings

WebRDS successfully recruited 676 MSM over 24 waves.

Sample composition stabilized for most variables, indicating representativeness.

WebRDS was feasible and low-cost for internet-using MSM in Vietnam.

Abstract

Objective: Lack of representative data about hidden groups, like men who have sex with men (MSM), hinders an evidence-based response to the HIV epidemics. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was developed to overcome sampling challenges in studies of populations like MSM for which sampling frames are absent. Internet-based RDS (webRDS) can potentially circumvent limitations of the original RDS method. We aimed to implement and evaluate webRDS among a hidden population. Methods and Design: This cross-sectional study took place 18 February to 12 April, 2011 among MSM in Vietnam. Inclusion criteria were men, aged 18 and above, who had ever had sex with another man and were living in Vietnam. Participants were invited by an MSM friend, logged in, and answered a survey. Participants could recruit up to four MSM friends. We evaluated the system by its success in generating sustained recruitment and the degree to which the sample compositions stabilized with increasing sample size. Results: Twenty starting participants generated 676 participants over 24 recruitment waves. Analyses did not show evidence of bias due to ineligible participation. Estimated mean age was 22 year and 82% came from the two large metropolitan areas. 32 out of 63 provinces were represented. The median number of sexual partners during the last six months was two. The sample composition stabilized well for 16 out of 17 variables. Conclusion: Results indicate that webRDS could be implemented at a low cost among Internet-using MSM in Vietnam. WebRDS may be a promising method for sampling of Internet-using MSM and other hidden groups. Key words: Respondent-driven sampling, Online sampling, Men who have sex with men, Vietnam, Sexual risk behavior