Characterization of the X-ray light curve of the gamma Cas-like B1e star HD110432

TL;DR

This study characterizes the X-ray variability and flaring behavior of the gamma Cas-like star HD 110432, revealing a potential long cycle and detailed flare properties, contributing to understanding its X-ray emission mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of long-term X-ray cycles and flare statistics of HD 110432, comparing its properties with gamma Cas, and discusses implications for X-ray production scenarios.

Findings

Detected a 226-day long X-ray cycle with amplitude doubling.

Analyzed 1615 flare-like events, identifying 955 as true flares.

Flares exhibit log-linear strength distributions and band-dependent visibility.

Abstract

HD 110432 (BZ Cru; B1Ve) is the brightest member of a small group of "gamma Cas analogs" that emit copious hard X-ray flux, punctuated by ubiquitous "flares." To characterize the X-ray time history of this star, we made a series of six RXTE multi-visit observations in 2010 and an extended observation with the XMM-Newton in 2007. We analyzed these new light curves along with three older XMM-Newton observations from 2002--2003. Distributed over five months, the RXTE observations were designed to search for long X-ray modulations over a few months. These observations indeed suggest the presence of a long cycle with P = 226 days and an amplitude of a factor of two. We also used X-ray light curves constructed from XMM-Newton observations to characterize the lifetimes, strengths, and interflare intervals of 1615 flare-like events in the light curves. After accounting for false positive events, we infer the presence of 955 (2002-2003) and 386 (2007) events we identified as flares. Similarly, as a control we measured the same attributes for an additional group of 541 events in XMM-Newton light curves of gamma Cas, which after a similar correction yielded 517 flares. We found that the flare properties of HD 110432 are mostly similar to our control group. In both cases the distribution of flare strengths are best fit with log-linear relations. Both the slopes of these distributions and the flaring frequencies themselves exhibit modest fluctuations. We discovered that some flares in the hard X-ray band of HD 110432 were weak or unobserved in the soft band and vice versa. The light curves also occasionally show rapid curve drop offs that are sustained for hours. We discuss the existence of the long cycle and these flare properties in the backdrop of two rival scenarios to produce hard X-rays, a magnetic star-disk interaction and the accretion of blobs onto a secondary white dwarf.