14 Ceti: A probable Ap-star-descendant entering the Hertzsprung gap

TL;DR

This study detects and analyzes the magnetic field of 14 Ceti, a subgiant star likely descended from an Ap star, revealing its magnetic activity and evolution through spectropolarimetric observations.

Contribution

It provides the first Zeeman detection of 14 Ceti's magnetic field and suggests its origin as a descendant of a cool Ap star based on magnetic and activity measurements.

Findings

Magnetic field of about -35 G detected, stable over months.

Magnetic activity correlates with the S-index trend.

Star is likely a post-main-sequence Ap-star descendant.

Abstract

14 Ceti is a subgiant star of F spectral class that displays variations in the S-index of its CaII H & K lines and an X-ray emission that is stronger than the mean observed for its spectral class, which may be due to some magnetic activity. We attempt to Zeeman-detect and study the magnetic field of 14 Ceti and to infer its origin. We used the spectropolarimeter Narval at the Telescope Bernard Lyot, Pic du Midi Observatory, and the least squares deconvolution method to create high signal-to-noise ratio Stokes V profiles. We derived the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field Bl. We also measured the S-index, and the radial velocity for each observation. 14 Ceti is Zeeman-detected for the 30 observed dates spanning from August 2007 to January 2012. The average longitudinal magnetic field does not reverse its sign, reaches about -35 G, and shows some month-long-timescale variations in our 2008 and 2011-2012 observations. The S-index follows the same long-term trend as Bl. 14 Ceti is confirmed as a single star without H-K emission cores. The strength of the observed surface magnetic field of 14 Ceti is one order of magnitude greater than the observed one for late F main-sequence stars, and is comparable to the values measured in the active late F pre-main-sequence star HR 1817. On the other hand, taking into account the post-main-sequence evolution of an Ap star, an oblique rotator model can explain the strength of the magnetic field of 14 Ceti. The variations with a timescale of months observed for both the Bl and S-index could be due to the rotation. The most probable scenario to explain our observations appears to be that 14 Ceti is the descendant of a cool Ap star .