Spectral properties of XRBs in dusty early-type galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes the spectral properties of 996 X-ray sources in 23 dusty early-type galaxies, revealing their luminosity distribution, classifications, and correlations with galaxy properties, advancing understanding of XRB populations in such environments.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive spectral and luminosity analysis of X-ray binaries in dusty early-type galaxies, highlighting their distribution, classifications, and relation to galaxy characteristics.

Findings

The X-ray luminosity function is a broken power law with a break at 2.71×10^38 erg/s.

Most sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), with some soft sources and ULXs.

XRB contribution varies significantly among galaxies, correlating with star formation and stellar mass.

Abstract

We present spectral properties of a total of 996 discrete X-ray sources resolved in a sample of 23 dusty early-type galaxies selected from different environments. The combined X-ray luminosity function of all the 996 sources within the optical \D of the sample galaxies is well described by a broken power law with a break at 2.71$\times$\te \lum and is close to the Eddington limit for a 1.4\Msun neutron star. Out of the 996, about 63\p of the sources have their X-ray luminosities in the range between few\tim\ts to 2.0 \tim \tn \lum and are like normal LMXBs; about 15-20\p with luminosities $<$ few \tim 10$^{37}$ \lum are either super-soft or very-soft sources; while the remainder represents ULXs, HMXBs or unrelated heavily absorbed harder sources. More XRBs have been detected in the galaxies from isolated regions while those from rich groups and clusters host very few sources. The X-ray color-color plot for these sources has enabled us to classify them as SNRs, LMXBs, HMXBs and heavily absorbed AGNs. The composite X-ray spectra of the resolved sources within \D region of each of the galaxies are best represented by a power law with the average photon spectral index close to 1.65. The contribution of the resolved sources to the total X-ray luminosity of their host is found to vary greatly, in the sense that, in galaxies like NGC 3379 the XRB contribution is about 81\p while for NGC 5846 it is only 2\p. A correlation has been evidenced between the cumulative X-ray luminosity of the resolved sources against the star formation rate and the Ks band luminosity of the target galaxies indicating their primordial origin.