Frobenius circulant graphs of valency six, Eisenstein-Jacobi networks, and hexagonal meshes

TL;DR

This paper classifies 6-valent Frobenius circulant graphs with cyclic kernels, explores their properties as Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs, and develops optimal algorithms for gossiping, routing, and broadcasting in these networks.

Contribution

It provides a complete classification of certain 6-valent Frobenius circulant graphs and links them to Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs, along with algorithms for network communication tasks.

Findings

All 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulants with cyclic kernels are Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs.

Larger Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs can be constructed as topological covers of smaller ones.

The HARTS architecture is a specific example of a 6-valent Frobenius circulant.

Abstract

A Frobenius group is a transitive but not regular permutation group such that only the identity element can fix two points. A finite Frobenius group can be expressed as $G = K \rtimes H$ with $K$ a nilpotent normal subgroup. A first-kind $G$-Frobenius graph is a Cayley graph on $K$ with connection set $S$ an $H$-orbit on $K$ generating $K$, where $H$ is of even order or $S$ consists of involutions. We classify all 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulant graphs such that the underlying kernel $K$ is cyclic. We give optimal gossiping and routing algorithms for such a circulant and compute its forwarding indices, Wiener indices and minimum gossip time. We also prove that its broadcasting time is equal to its diameter plus two or three. We prove that all 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulants with cyclic kernels are Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs, the latter being Cayley graphs on quotient rings of the ring of Eisenstein-Jacobi integers. We also prove that larger Eisenstein-Jacobi graphs can be constructed from smaller ones as topological covers, and a similar result holds for 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulants. As a corollary any Eisenstein-Jacobi graph with order congruent to 1 modulo 6 and underlying Eisenstein-Jacobi integer not an associate of a real integer, is a cover of a 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulant. A distributed real-time computing architecture known as HARTS or hexagonal mesh is a special 6-valent first-kind Frobenius circulant.