The KHOLOD Experiment: A Search for a New Population of Radio Sources

TL;DR

This study analyzes long-term radio observations to identify a potential new population of low-luminosity radio sources at redshifts below 1, suggesting a significant contribution to the understanding of galaxy formation and the early universe.

Contribution

It introduces evidence for a previously unrecognized population of radio sources not cataloged at 0.6 mJy, expanding knowledge of faint radio source populations.

Findings

Refined sensitivity limits due to background noise sources.

Detected a new population of radio sources at 0.6 mJy level.

Survey capable of detecting powerful FRII sources at any redshift.

Abstract

Published data from long-term observations of a strip of sky at declination +5 degrees carried out at 7.6 cm on the RATAN-600 radio telescope are used to estimate some statistical properties of radio sources. Limits on the sensitivity of the survey due to noise imposed by background sources, which dominates the radiometer sensitivity, are refined. The vast majority of noise due to background sources is associated with known radio sources (for example, from the NVSS with a detection threshold of 2.3 mJy) with normal steep spectra ({\alpha} = 0.7-0.8, S \propto {\nu}^{- \alpha}), which have also been detected in new deep surveys at decimeter wavelengths. When all such objects are removed from the observational data, this leaves another noise component that is observed to be roughly identical in independent groups of observations. We suggest this represents a new population of radio sources that are not present in known catalogs at the 0.6 mJy level at 7.6 cm. The studied redshift dependence of the number of steep-spectrum objects shows that the sensitivity of our survey is sufficient to detect powerful FRII radio sources at any redshift, right to the epoch of formation of the first galaxies. The inferred new population is most likely associated with low-luminosity objects at redshifts z < 1. In spite of the appearance of new means of carrying out direct studies of distant galaxies, searches for objects with very high redshifts among steep and ultra-steep spectrum radio sources remains an effective method for studying the early Universe.