Modifications for numerical stability of black hole evolution
Hwei-Jang Yo, Chun-Yu Lin, Zhoujian Cao

TL;DR
This paper introduces new modifications to the BSSN formulation that enhance the numerical stability of black hole evolution simulations, enabling accurate and stable modeling of complex black hole systems.
Contribution
It presents novel modifications to the BSSN formulation that improve the stability of numerical black hole evolutions, including Kerr-Schild and punctured binary black holes.
Findings
Enhanced stability in black hole simulations
Successful evolution of Kerr-Schild black holes
Stable binary black hole evolutions
Abstract
We experiment with several new modifications for the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formulation of the Einstein field equations and demonstrate how these modifications affect the stability of numerical black hole evolution calculations. With these modifications, we evolve both single non-rotating excised Kerr-Schild black holes and punctured binary black holes, and obtain accurate and stable simulations.
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